I just noticed this interesting post over at Michael’s blog Archive Fire. In comments Michael writes:
And i think you correctly identify (again) one of the main issues: vocabulary. Any ontology worth the paper it gets printed on must include a sensitivity to relationality, and have deep appreciation of interconnectedness. As the saying goes, ‘on a large enough time scale everything is a blur’. The flux and flow of the kosmos, although not the whole story, is a major theme.
I like how you put this: “… a spectrum of objects with varying levels of internal interdependence. ” That is exactly how I see it. The universe is a differentially distributed field of relation AND organization – generating a wide spectrum of entities, flows, networks, objects, etc.
Believe it or not, I actually agree with Michael. Any ontology worth the paper it is printed on must include a sensitivity relations and interconnections. I believe, however, that this is exactly what my onticology (and Graham’s carpentry of being) try to do. OOO doesn’t refuse relations, it just refuses to treat entities as identical to their relations. Within the framework of onticology, this leads to an increased sensitivity to relation, not an ignoring of relations.
read on!
This is the work of what my concepts of exo-relations, local manifestation, and regimes of attraction are designed to do. Very briefly, exo-relations are relations with other objects that an object enters into. “Exo” denotes “external”. That externality is designed to mark the fact that these relations can be severed and that an object can enter into other relations. If we said that relations are internal to objects, then we’d have no means of accounting for how objects enter into other relations. “Local manifestation” refers to the effect these exo-relations have on an object. For example, because I worked in the yard all day the other day (system of exo-relations), my skin is now darker than it was before (local manifestation). If I language in my home for a few days (exo-relations), my skin will become lighter. My shifting relations have a profound effect on how my body manifests itself. These concepts encourage us to attend to those shifting manifestations as a function of shifting relations.
Finally, the concept of “regime of attraction” is designed to denote a set of exo-relations that is relatively ongoing and stable, giving the appearance that the local manifestations of objects are permanent. For example, we tend to think of our bones as fairly enduring features of our bodies. However, if we’re fortunate enough to spend a good deal of time in outer space we discover that our bones and muscles undergo significant weakening. This is because our regime of attraction has changed (i.e., the strong gravity of our earth). We discover that the strong gravity of the earth is a necessary condition for our bones and muscles undergoing local manifestations.
If these concepts aren’t relational, processual, and about interdependence, then I don’t know what are. So why don’t I just come out and say that objects are relational, processual, and interdependent? Why, despite my profound sympathy for process and relational ontologies, don’t I say that objects are processes, are relations, are their interdependencies. I won’t say this because while I fully agree that relation plays a tremendous role in the local manifestations of objects, objects nonetheless exceed all relation, all interdependence, all context, all ecology. As I argued in my Ontological Turbulence and Vortex post, objects are those minimally iterable beings that both fall into relations and can depart from any relations in which they happen to exist, landing in new networks, generating new local manifestations and arrangements. In my view, we simply can’t account for change unless we maintain a place for a concept of substance that cannot be reduced to its relations.
Since a number of folks seem bothered by the defense of substance on political grounds, let’s think about this politically a little bit. Presumably if you’re interested in ontology for political reasons, then this is because you wish to give an account of how it is possible to undermine certain forms of domination and oppression. Now what follows, in relation to this noble concern, if you’re an ontological relationist? Well, you certainly can’t theorize any movement beyond oppression or domination. Why? Think it through. Because the object that shifts relations is an entirely different object. Thereby nothing has been liberated. Rather, we’ve simply gotten a new object. This doesn’t seem too reassuring. What is needed is objects that are mobile and nomadic, objects that enter into relations, while always remaining irreducible to their relations. That, I believe, is what OOO articulates.
All this aside, I’m genuinely grateful for Michael’s continued interest in OOO and for him providing an occasion to think and articulate; that is, I’m grateful that he’s provided an exo-relation that has allowed me to undergo a local manifestation that I would have never undergone had I not encountered his post and comments.
August 21, 2010 at 2:07 am
I don’t understand how OOO continues to be interpreted as apolitical when it seems to be saturated with politics. This post, for example, just made me think about how race (as not something ‘fictional’, but as a composite of bodies and phenotypes) operates as a regime of attraction, and achieves potency by reassociating exo-relations through not only discourses, but technologies, natures, and other objects. Further, there is always room for a departure of relations, a radical reconfiguration of bodies and their attached functions and meanings.
Forgive me for dropping that brief comment on a Friday night, perhaps just a simple exercise in application….
August 21, 2010 at 2:17 am
Kai,
That would be my position. I don’t know that OOO is saturated by politics though. Graham says I’m the most political of the object-oriented ontologists. I don’t know if that’s true or not. I do think, however, that OOO has a number of political implications.
August 21, 2010 at 10:09 pm
In A Pluralistic Universe James refers to the log that can take up new carriers and drop old ones:
I can’t help musing that OOO in reminding us that realism is possible and is an impt corrective to the textual turn but…really is saying pretty much what James or Peirce or ‘scholastic realism’ claimed.
It’s difficult not to get the impression that OOO thinks it is saying something very new. It obviously isn’t!
Maybe we should remember that this is not a new school of thought but a retrieve of an ontology that dear Latour said we had to go back to the 17c for. As Graham Harman says in PoN ‘we tend to sell our predecessors short.’ And of course, as Graham notes the notion of vicarious causality is scholastic. The ‘species’ or specifying forms are vicars for the thing…
As to reality, one finds it defined in various ways; but if that principle of terminological ethics that was proposed be accepted, the equivocal language will soon disappear. For realis and realitas are not ancient words. They were invented to be terms of philosophy in the 13c, and the meaning they were intended to express is perfectly clear. That is real which has such and such characters, whether anybody thinks it to have those characters or not. At any rate, that is the sense in which the pragmaticist uses the word C.S.Peirce, 1905: CP,5.430
Again it seems strange that Peirce is rarely mentioned. America’s greatest philospher?
The concept of substance being proposed seems also to be Aristotelian – a relative center of unity and action, which maintains itself in existence. It is not a relation, but it is a relative being involved in relations, both externally and internally. Maintained by realities of circumstance and being, other than itself.
This Kant denies in his notion of substance in ‘Thoughts on the True Estimation of Living forces (1747).
<Since every self-sufficient being contains within itself the complete source of all its determinations, it is not necessary for its existence that it stand in relation to other things. Substances can therefore exist, and yet have no outer relation to things, nor stand in any connection with them
That looks a lot like a v. withdrawn being??? A notion of substance from which any relativity has been abstracted.
Anway, what’s all the fuss about. That we have rediscovered what was under our noses?
August 21, 2010 at 11:05 pm
Paul,
I take your remark here as a good sign for OOO. As William James famously said, new philosophies are first denounced as absurd, then it’s claimed that what they’re proposing are obvious and therefore trivial, then it’s claimed that this is what previous philosophers were claiming all along. It seems like you’re at stage three.
August 22, 2010 at 1:07 am
OOO in its different varieties, certainly says many new and fascinating things, but the ‘substance’ of its claims which ‘modernity’ basically ignored in taken the way of ideas (what we know are our representations/ideas) rather than the way of signs, is what previous ‘non-modern’ philosophers were claiming!
In this respect we do sell our precursors short.
A question that occupies me is the difference btwn persons and objects….but that I’ll leave for now (smile). It will inevitably raise the question of psyches – and what we mean by that – the ‘pan’ issue…
August 28, 2010 at 11:33 pm
Another interesting post Levi. My response (kinda) can be found here.