There’s a brief passage in Anne Rice’s The Vampire Lestat where Gabrielle– formerly his mother –implores Lestat to flee Paris, to run to the forests where they might spend their days contemplating the mysteries of how leaves fall through the autumn air, lichens, rocks, and trees. Lestat is endlessly fascinated with the drama of humans, while Gabrielle wants to be done with humans, to flee into the wilds, to contemplate all of those nonhuman things that populate the universe. Elsewhere, in Bill Condon’s Kinsey, we learn that Kinsey’s early research– resulting in a number of published books –consisted in tracing generations of ants. It’s not clear what importance either of these pursuits might have for human existence– beyond “mere” curiosity and wonder –yet this is what these two figures wished to devote themselves to.
It could be said that Ian Bogost’s Alien Phenomenology is animated by the strange, inhuman, and alien spirits of Gabrielle and Kinsey. While not using these precise words, in a move that is more phenomenological than the phenomenologists themselves, Bogost calls for us to get over ourselves and return to the things themselves. But this return to the things themselves is not a return for things as they are for us, it is not an analysis of how things (Bogost uses the term “units”) give themselves to us. No, Bogost asks “what is it like to be a thing?” Bogost wants to open up a form of analysis– what he calls “alien phenomenology” and what I much less poetically call “second-order observation” –that investigates how units or things experience the world. What is it like to be a computer? What is it like to be a mantis shrimp? What is it like to be a corporation or a capitalistic market? What is it like to be a human? Such is the strange and inviting question that Bogost introduces in his book.
read on!
One of Bogost’s central gripes with correlationism is it’s inerasable anthropocentrism. In both the sciences and the humanities we endlessly find a desire to discuss entities in terms of what they are for us, ignoring any inquiry of what they might be for themselves. As Bogost writes,
…both perspectives embody the correlationist conceit. The scientist believes in reality apart from human life, but it is a reality excavated for human exploitation. The scientific process cares less for reality itself than it does for the discoverability of reality through human ingenuity. Likewise, the humanist doesn’t believe in the world except as a structured erected in the interest of human culture. Like a mirror image of the scientist, the humanist mostly seeks to mine particular forms of culture, often by suggesting aspects of it that must be overcome through abstract notions of resistance or revolution. (14)
At the core of Bogost’s critique of correlationism– and he has many other critiques besides –is a deep suspicion of the manner in which correlationist thought endlessly revolves around human teleologies: how we might exploit other things and how we might bring about political transformation or change. To this Bogost cries, “try for a moment to get over yourself and your own narcissism, try to bracket your own goals, try for a moment just to tarry with the things themselves and see what they might be for themselves!” And “try” here is the operative word, for we must remember that objects are withdrawn, that we can never fully know what it is like to be them, but we can try to adopt the things point of view to see what it might be like to be that being. And indeed, as he shows over the course of his book, he develops techniques that show how we can learn a great deal about what it might be like to be these others. No doubt, it is this desire to return to the things themselves that leads wonder to be such a persistent theme throughout the book, for wonder is a way of relating to others that does not seek to change them, that does not seek to exploit them, but that, in a manner akin to love, simply strives to know something of them.
I confess that I find this call to be the greatest challenge that Bogost’s work issues to me. I do not mean this as a critique of Ian’s book. Rather, I encounter this challenge as a gift that pulls me out of myself and my own obsessions. I find the universes of Gabrielle and Kinsey difficult to comprehend, for all of my work ultimately revolves around concerns about politics and ethics. My ontology is not grounded in these concerns, but it is motivated by them. The idea of speculating about things for their own sake is incredibly difficult for me to wrap my head around. Yet as I travel across the pages of the machine that Bogost has made, I find myself wondering what we miss by so quickly jumping to the need to have a grand political rationale for our work. Might we not develop a far better politics and ethics if we were, for the moment, to suspend our political aims and simply tarry with things, seeking to let them “speak” for themselves and thinking them as what they are for themselves rather than what they are within the framework of our own political aims? Might it be that politics is like Lacan’s objet a, where it can only be reached awry and where it is always doomed to be missed when we attempt to approach it directly?
April 3, 2012 at 1:44 am
Thanks for this nice meditation, Levi. Much appreciated.
This question you pose at the end, about letting objects speak for themselves, this is indeed something I wonder about. There’s a catch-22 at work, since politics is always necessarily politics-for-us, and yet thinking about politics (or ethics) for-objects runs up against the obvious problem: we don’t have access to the logics of objects that would generate ethical or political concepts. So we have to speculate about those just as we might about experience. Should give us pause at least.
I hadn’t thought about the objet a as a comparable structure, but it makes sense. I’ll have to think about that more.
April 3, 2012 at 5:47 am
“all of my work ultimately revolves around concerns about politics and ethics. My ontology is not grounded in these concerns, but it is motivated by them.”
Thanks for this. I’m in a similar position, as are lots of people, so figuring a way out seems like a useful, common project, especially since, pace Bogost, I do still talk about revolutions in an English dept.
There are a lot of parallels between what you are doing and what some human geographers I read are up to, and at one point in their writing, they seem to throw up their hands and simply say, “well, all this ontology stuff is great, but ultimately, we’re disciplinarily *human* geographers, so we can’t really talk about sites where there are no human actors.” (Harman, of course, sees past this wrt Latour)
That’s why I, personally, keep returning to the framing Shaviro uses at the end of “Without Criteria,” about how politics and ethics, of course, inhabit a space after ontology. By structuring it that way, it suggests a possibility of a new politics–and a new ethics. So while OOO, etc., can remain apolitical, that doesn’t mean it can’t help usher in a change as strange as trying to consider the world from the point of view of an object.
April 3, 2012 at 7:38 am
This sounds amazing, and thanks again Levi for another great post. The relation of objects’ rights to politics obviously brings to mind things in Bolivia last year, even though those events were equally as anthropocentric. I do think that considering the perspective of objects could be useful (because as you say, politics always returns to human use) in political thought, at least for an awareness of the “material” as well as the interconnectivity, and fragility of networks. Before going to order Alien Phenomenology I leave you with this excellent video from animal protection charity, One Kind
April 3, 2012 at 12:17 pm
I’m not sure how the human manipulation of things, as imagining them as somehow having a say, isn’t just self-interest/narcissism at work from another all too human perspective/taste/mood, as opposed to actually stepping out of narcissism? Now I don’t think that we can get to a place where there isn’t the trail of the human serpent so I welcome a variety of perspectives/imaginings but not without some ownership of projection, some acknowledgement that we judge our achievements/work in light of our wants/needs/callings/intuitions. New people/perspectives being introduced to our political systems would bring some degree of change to our politics but would not in and of itself bring about any significantly new way of doing representative politics that I can see.
April 3, 2012 at 3:29 pm
Hi dmf,
I think this overstates things quite a bit. First, recall that for OOO objects are withdrawn. As a consequence, no OOO theorist argues that we can completely access any other object. Second, the question “what is it like to be x?” is no different than asking “what is it like to be dmf?” While I will never be able to experience the world of dmf for myself, I can, in fact, infer quite a bit about what your world might be like by listening to you, observing your behavior, etc. This is what animal ethology, for example, is all about. By observing the behavior of animals as well as their physiology, we can infer quite a bit about the nature of animal worlds. Thus, for example, by examining the structure of bee eyes, I can discover that they can see colors in the infrared spectrum. Through the use of technology, I can learn all sorts of things about patterns in, for example, flowers that only appear in the infrared spectrum of light. This can allow me to make inferences as to why bees gravitate to certain plants and not others. Here I am not asking what bees are for me, but I am trying to get a sense of what the world is like for bees. This is “second-order observation”: observation not of the thing, but observation of how the thing observes. Jakob von Uexkull is really great on this stuff and gives, I think, a very nice picture of what an alien phenomenology looks like. Bogost does something similar with things like computer programs. For instance, not how we experience the computer game ET, but how the program “experiences” things. Will it ever be perfect or allow us to ourselves have the experience of the thing? Of course not. But we can still learn quite a bit.
April 3, 2012 at 6:17 pm
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April 4, 2012 at 4:18 pm
I am very interested in the OOO theories which I have stumbled upon recently. As a fiction writer I appreciate the observation of a thing and to capture what that experience is like for others to appreciate. I’m also fascinated by the idea of “the observation of how the thing observes” (taking the bee’s perspective of what it’s like to live in this world). What I don’t fully understand is how, if humans are doing the observation of how the thing observes, and humans are doing the inferring about what it is like to be a thing, how this gets around the Pathetic Fallacy?
April 4, 2012 at 7:52 pm
Michael,
I address your question in this post:
https://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2012/04/03/alien-phenomenology-a-brief-note-on-units-and-operations/
April 7, 2012 at 2:35 am
Dr Sinthome,
This article helped me to articulate something crucial about Melancholia which I’m sure will delight you also.
Namely, I realized that in that ending scene (which I quoted previously via a Youtube link) we do not see the two sisters, Justine and Claire, as two halves of the same personality, as in a dialectic relationship. Rather, it’s as though Justine now inhabits Claire’s body (and vice versa), INTERPRETING Claire. So what we get is a truly ALIEN situation, sort of like the Brundlefly phenomenon, that I could call ”Justineclaire” – a mutant entity. For example, Claire drives off to the village in the golf cart much like Justine drives in that same cart in a previous scene; but Claire is much more rushed, hysterical, panicky. So it’s like the Justine cart scene is being reinterpreted by Claire. Or when Justine reprimands Claire for her ridiculous vision of a bourgeois picnic to welcome the end of the world, it is quite like Claire reprimanding Justine for messing up the bourgeois wedding, only Justine does in much more matter-of-factly, bluntly, in line with her otherwise depressive character that is different from Claire’s rather hysterical one. In summation – the sisters are not (just) narcissistically cross-mirroring each other; it seems that they are in this strange realm where they’re really OBSERVING from the other’s point of view in a way that is uncannily similar to the alien phenomenology described above.
Whatever consequence this might have religiously, it is certain that a sort of a transpersonal entity is released: not a ”Doppelganger” but an Alien whose shall we say ”distributed consciousness” is apparently able to occupy two places at the same time!
May 1, 2012 at 5:02 pm
Hi Levi
I’ve been ranting for a while (a few years) about the difference between sympathy and empathy.
Where sympathy is putting yourself in another’s shoes. But of course that is still one ‘self’, a subjective perspective.
Whereas empathy is to understand what it is for that person to be in their own shoes.
There’s a technique, that is surprisingly hard (ok maybe just for me) that is useful that I’ve given the acronym STFUAL (Shut The Fuck Up And Listen). as a therapist I am sure you are well aquainted with this technique.
However with regard to OOO I asked a while ago whether it was possible to listen or understand the world of objects in this way. however I also suggested it brought in a problem with what Foucault called the ‘gaze’ (http://www.schizostroller.com/?p=1468).
There is something in Foucault’s work on man (Order of things) and the clinical gaze (subject as object – Birth of the Clinic) that is pertinent here.
Is OOO a folding of the gaze? Where we go from subject=object to object=object?
The question of possibility of listening to me is stems from something you work on when you suggest ‘I am my brain’. The brain is in many ways an emotive response system, or as I’m guessing you might say ‘an affective system’ or ‘affective process’, albeit with your version of autopoiesis (that is structurally open). So the problem of anthropocentrism may boil down to a question of empathy. Or as Benjamin quotes Proust:
“Some people who are fond of secrets flatter themselves that objects retain something of the gaze that has rested on them… they believe that monuments and pictures present themselves only beneath the delicate veil which centuries of love and reverence on the part of so many admirers have woven about them. this chimera… would change into truth if they related it to the only reality that is valid for the individual, namely, the world of his emotions.” (Benjamin, 1999, p.184).
But this brings us back to the problem of the gaze, that we cannot take our emotional response out of objectification because that is what our brain does. How do you propose one deals with this?
July 1, 2012 at 12:33 pm
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